基于质谱技术的快速且持续的发展，显著提升了研究和表征脂质的能力，也为理解脂质在整个生物学中的复杂作用提供了新的洞见。这些能力包括对众多复杂生物体内脂质进行定量、结构表征（包括解决对脂质组学构成重大挑战的同分异构体问题）以及空间定位，从而在单细胞分析等新兴领域展现出新的可能性。随着这些快速发展，也出现了若干挑战，例如准确的脂质鉴定、对质谱数据及结构归属的错误解读和过度解读，以及需要改进的分析与生物信息学工具，以便在通路和系统层面理解脂质组学数据。本综述批判性地评估了用于脂质组学研究的分析技术，以及当前的挑战和推动该领域向前发展的技术进展。通过强调这些挑战及可能的应对途径，本综述凸显了对脂质组学前景的期待，以及对持续发展的……
The rapid and continued development of mass spectrometry–based technologies has significantly increased the capability to study and characterize lipids while providing new insight into the complex roles of lipids throughout biology. These capabilities have included the ability to quantify, structurally characterize (including resolving isomers that pose significant challenges to lipidomics), and spatially map lipids within numerous complex organisms, revealing new capabilities in emerging areas such as single-cell analysis. With these rapid developments, several challenges have emerged, such as accurate lipid identification, incorrect and overinterpretation of mass spectrometry data and structural assignments, and the need for improved analytical and bioinformatics tools to understand lipidomics data at the pathway and systems levels. This review critically assesses analytical technologies used for lipidomics studies, along with current challenges and technological developments driving the field forward. By highlighting these challenges, and possible avenues to address them, this review emphasizes the excitement for the future of lipidomics and the need for continued development o…