近期关于胆管插管的指南较为缺乏。本指南由世界内镜组织（WEO）发起，来自亚洲、欧洲和美洲的专家组成员参与其中。针对四个领域的相关临床问题（内镜逆行胰胆管造影[ERCP]术后胰腺炎[PEP]的预防、胆管插管技术、括约肌切开/乳头气囊扩张，以及特殊情况下的胆管插管），在系统文献评价后采用推荐意见分级的评估、制定与评价（GRADE）方法加以制定和解答。成功的胆管插管和括约肌切开是ERCP的基石，对几乎所有治疗及高级诊断操作不可或缺。然而，不良事件（尤其是PEP）可能发生并影响患者的预后。高插管率和低PEP发生率是ERCP的质量指标，应成为所有内镜医师的目标。本指南旨在提供可在全球范围内应用的临床实践建议，不受资源和专业技术可得性的限制。主要推荐意见聚焦于ERCP的某些具体方面……
Recent guidelines on biliary cannulation are lacking. This guideline is an initiative of the World Endoscopy Organization (WEO) with the involvement of a panel of experts from Asia, Europe, and America. Relevant clinical questions on four areas (post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP] pancreatitis [PEP] prophylaxis, biliary cannulation techniques, sphincterotomy/papillary balloon dilation, and biliary cannulation in special circumstances) were developed and answered after systematic reviews of the literature and using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Successful biliary cannulation and sphincterotomy are cornerstones of ERCP and are indispensable for almost all therapeutic and advanced diagnostic procedures. However, adverse events, particularly PEP, may commonly occur and impair patients’ outcomes. A high cannulation rate and a low rate of PEP are quality indicators for ERCP and should be the goal of all endoscopists. With this guideline we aimed to provide clinical practice advice applicable worldwide, regardless of resources and expertise availability. The main recommendations focus on specific aspects of ERCP…